\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 LUIS \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ANTONIO \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0HERN\u00c1NDEZ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BARBOSA \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Magistrado \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ponente \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
AP2251\u20132021 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Radicaci\u00f3n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a058849 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Acta \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0145 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Bogot\u00e1, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0D.C., nueve (9) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0junio de dos mil veintiuno \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(2021). \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
VISTOS: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Resuelve la Sala \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0si admite o no la demanda de casaci\u00f3n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0presentada \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0por \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0defensa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0MOIS\u00c9S \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BALLESTEROS \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0MAR\u00cdN. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
HECHOS: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Nelly \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Franco \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Trivi\u00f1o \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0conoci\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0octubre \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a02015 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0MOIS\u00c9S \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BALLESTEROS \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0MAR\u00cdN \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0y \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ricardo \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Delgado, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0quienes \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0se \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0presentaron \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0como \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0due\u00f1os \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0empresa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0exportadora \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0e importadora DRIMEXP, que supuestamente \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0operaba \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Miami, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Europa, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Costa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Rica \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0y \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0M\u00e9xico, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0que \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0le \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
ofrecieron \u00a0asociarse. \u00a0Para \u00a0concretar \u00a0su \u00a0ingreso \u00a0a \u00a0la \u00a0sociedad, \u00a0entreg\u00f3 \u00a0a \u00a0BALLESTEROS \u00a0MAR\u00cdN \u00a0su \u00a0veh\u00edculo \u00a0renault \u00a0symbol, \u00a0modelo \u00a02010, \u00a0de \u00a0placas \u00a0KDR \u00a0126, \u00a0valorado \u00a0en \u00a0<\/p>\n
$19.000.000,oo. \u00a0Seg\u00fan \u00a0lo \u00a0acordado, \u00a030 \u00a0d\u00edas \u00a0despu\u00e9s \u00a0le \u00a0pagar\u00eda \u00a0el valor del veh\u00edculo m\u00e1s las utilidades de la \u00a0actividad \u00a0econ\u00f3mica \u00a0relacionada \u00a0con \u00a0la \u00a0venta \u00a0de \u00a0fajas \u00a0y \u00a0jeans. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Transcurrido \u00a0ese \u00a0lapso, \u00a0el \u00a0procesado \u00a0no \u00a0 entreg\u00f3 \u00a0el \u00a0dinero \u00a0acordado ni fue posible ubicarlo, pues telef\u00f3nicamente \u00a0manifestaba \u00a0que \u00a0estaba \u00a0fuera \u00a0del \u00a0pa\u00eds \u00a0y \u00a0cuando \u00a0regresara \u00a0cumplir\u00eda \u00a0con \u00a0lo \u00a0acordado, \u00a0lo \u00a0que \u00a0nunca \u00a0ocurri\u00f3. \u00a0Sin \u00a0embargo, \u00a0en \u00a0enero \u00a0de \u00a02016, \u00a0la \u00a0v\u00edctima \u00a0fue \u00a0 contactada \u00a0por \u00a0Yedy \u00a0Pinilla Ortega, quien le exig\u00eda el traspaso del automotor \u00a0porque \u00a0BALLESTEROS \u00a0MAR\u00cdN \u00a0se \u00a0lo \u00a0hab\u00eda \u00a0vendido. \u00a0<\/p>\n
ANTECEDENTES: \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
1. En \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0audiencia realizada el 14 de junio de 2017 en el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Juzgado \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a02\u00ba Penal Municipal de Bogot\u00e1, la Fiscal\u00eda imput\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BALLESTEROS \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0MAR\u00cdN \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0comisi\u00f3n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0delito \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0estafa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0agravada \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0-arts. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0246 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0y \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0447-4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(sobre \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0transacciones \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0veh\u00edculos \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0automotores) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C.P.-, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0cargo \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0que \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0no \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0fue \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0aceptado \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0por \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0imputado. \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
3. El \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0fallo \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0se \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0profiri\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0primera \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0instancia \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a016 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0septiembre \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de 2019 y en el se impuso al sentenciado la pena \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a064 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0meses \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0prisi\u00f3n, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0multa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0159,33 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0smmlv \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0e \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0inhabilitaci\u00f3n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0para \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ejercicio \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0derechos \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0y \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0funciones \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0p\u00fablicas \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0por el mismo lapso de la pena principal. La defensa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0apel\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ese \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pronunciamiento \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0y \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Tribunal \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Superior \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Bogot\u00e1, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el fallo recurrido en casaci\u00f3n, expedido el 4 de junio de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a02020, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0lo \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0confirm\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0su \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0integridad. \u00a0<\/p>\n
LA \u00a0DEMANDA: \u00a0<\/p>\n
En el \u00fanico \u00a0cargo propuesto el defensor aduce que la \u00a0sentencia \u00a0se \u00a0emiti\u00f3 \u00a0en \u00a0un \u00a0juicio \u00a0viciado \u00a0de \u00a0nulidad \u00a0por \u00a0afectaci\u00f3n \u00a0sustancial de la garant\u00eda debida a las partes en la \u00a0medida \u00a0que la Fiscal\u00eda sostuvo una teor\u00eda del caso \u00a0<<que \u00a0f\u00e1cticamente \u00a0no era la adecuada>>, \u00a0afectando el principio de \u00a0congruencia, \u00a0dado \u00a0que \u00a0agrav\u00f3 \u00a0la \u00a0conducta \u00a0<<sin \u00a0sustento \u00a0estructural>> \u00a0con \u00a0la compalecencia de una defensa pasiva y \u00a0desinteresada. \u00a0Ello \u00a0porque \u00a0el \u00a0delito \u00a0de \u00a0estafa \u00a0no \u00a0se \u00a0configura \u00a0<\/p>\n
<<dado \u00a0que \u00a0esa \u00a0transacci\u00f3n \u00a0como \u00a0instituci\u00f3n \u00a0jur\u00eddica, \u00a0no \u00a0obedece \u00a0un \u00a0acuerdo \u00a0de \u00a0partes \u00a0de \u00a0compraventa \u00a0 de \u00a0dicho \u00a0veh\u00edculo, \u00a0pues \u00a0su \u00a0entrega \u00a0voluntaria \u00a0ten\u00eda \u00a0como \u00a0prop\u00f3sito \u00a0consolidar \u00a0el \u00a0aporte \u00a0requerido \u00a0para \u00a0forrmar \u00a0parte \u00a0de \u00a0dicha \u00a0empresa>> \u00a0y, \u00a0por \u00a0ello, \u00a0no \u00a0tiene \u00a0cabida \u00a0la \u00a0agravante \u00a0imputada. \u00a0<\/p>\n
A su parecer, la \u00a0Fiscal\u00eda qued\u00f3 corta en su investigaci\u00f3n \u00a0porque \u00a0afirm\u00f3 \u00a0que \u00a0la \u00a0empresa \u00a0no exist\u00eda y \u00a0fue \u00a0usada \u00a0como \u00a0artificio \u00a0para enga\u00f1ar a la v\u00edctima, con lo cual omite considerar \u00a0que \u00a0en \u00a0el \u00a0regimen \u00a0de \u00a0sociedades \u00a0existen \u00a0las \u00a0<<empresas \u00a0por \u00a0<\/p>\n
v\u00edas \u00a0de \u00a0hecho>> \u00a0y \u00a0esa \u00a0era \u00a0la \u00a0modalidad \u00a0usada \u00a0por \u00a0BALLESTEROS \u00a0MAR\u00cdN, pues la misma denunciante refiere \u00a0que \u00a0entreg\u00f3 \u00a0el \u00a0veh\u00edculo \u00a0como \u00a0aporte \u00a0para \u00a0una \u00a0empresa, \u00a0testimonio \u00a0que \u00a0prueba \u00a0que \u00a0s\u00ed \u00a0existi\u00f3 \u00a0la \u00a0entidad \u00a0comercial, \u00a0de \u00a0manera \u00a0que el artificio mencionado por la fiscal\u00eda no existe, \u00a0con \u00a0mayor raz\u00f3n cuando la denucniante no era la titular del \u00a0derecho \u00a0de dominio del automotor que entreg\u00f3 como aporte a \u00a0la \u00a0sociedad. \u00a0<\/p>\n
El \u00a0principio de congruencia, en su opini\u00f3n, se vulner\u00f3 \u00a0porque \u00a0<<las \u00a0circunstancias f\u00e1cticas allegadas al proceso y \u00a0demostradas \u00a0dentro del juicio, dan cuenta de que la conducta \u00a0endilgada \u00a0al \u00a0procesado, \u00a0no \u00a0encierra \u00a0las \u00a0caracter\u00edsticas \u00a0estructurales \u00a0del tipo penal de estafa agravada>>, \u00a0pues <<no \u00a0existe \u00a0prueba alguna de que el ingrediente normativo del tipo en \u00a0cuesti\u00f3n \u00a0del que habla de la afectaci\u00f3n del patrimonio o del \u00a0perjuicio \u00a0ajeno sea materialmente verificable, dado que ese \u00a0perjuicio \u00a0dentro de la presente actuaci\u00f3n, no existe porque\u2026el \u00a0veh\u00edculo \u00a0fue aportado voluntariamente por una persona que \u00a0manifest\u00f3 \u00a0ser \u00a0su \u00a0due\u00f1a, \u00a0pero \u00a0que \u00a0jam\u00e1s \u00a0se \u00a0demostr\u00f3 \u00a0la \u00a0transferencia \u00a0del \u00a0derecho \u00a0de \u00a0dominio \u00a0en \u00a0cabeza \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0denunciante, \u00a0es \u00a0decir, \u00a0que \u00a0la \u00a0denunciante \u00a0no \u00a0era \u00a0la \u00a0real \u00a0propietaria, \u00a0y en segundo lugar, el valor de dicho veh\u00edculo no \u00a0obedece \u00a0al \u00a0an\u00e1lisis \u00a0acucioso \u00a0de \u00a0un \u00a0perito>>. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Con \u00a0fundamento \u00a0en \u00a0lo \u00a0anterior, \u00a0solicita \u00a0casar \u00a0la \u00a0sentencia \u00a0demandada \u00a0y, \u00a0en \u00a0su \u00a0lugar, \u00a0anular \u00a0la \u00a0actuaci\u00f3n \u00a0desde \u00a0la \u00a0formulaci\u00f3n \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0imputaci\u00f3n. \u00a0<\/p>\n
CONSIDERACIONES: \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
1. El \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0estatuto procesal penal expedido mediante la Ley \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0906 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a02004 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0se\u00f1ala \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0como \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0condici\u00f3n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0para \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0admitir \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0demanda \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0casaci\u00f3n, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0satisfacci\u00f3n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0exigencias \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0claridad \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0y \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0coherencia \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0argumentativa, cuyo fin es permitirle a la Corte \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0establecer \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0sin \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0dificultad \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0cu\u00e1l \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0es \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0error \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0atribuido \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0al \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0sentenciador \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0que \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ocasiona \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0violaci\u00f3n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ley \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0o \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0afectaci\u00f3n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0las \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0garant\u00edas \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0fundamentales \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0las \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0partes. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Esos \u00a0presupuestos \u00a0de \u00a0sustentaci\u00f3n, \u00a0acorde \u00a0con \u00a0lo \u00a0establecido \u00a0en los art\u00edculos 183 y 184, inciso 2\u00ba, de la Ley \u00a0906 \u00a0de 2004, giran en torno a la correcta selecci\u00f3n de la \u00a0causal \u00a0invocada \u00a0y \u00a0al \u00a0adecuado \u00a0desarrollo \u00a0de \u00a0los \u00a0cargos \u00a0formulados \u00a0contra el fallo atacado, para lo cual se requiere \u00a0argumentar \u00a0cada reproche de manera separada y que las \u00a0razones \u00a0aducidas \u00a0correspondan \u00a0al \u00a0yerro \u00a0denunciado, \u00a0sin \u00a0que \u00a0sea \u00a0dable \u00a0presentar \u00a0censuras \u00a0contradictorias \u00a0en \u00a0el \u00a0mismo. \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
2. Seg\u00fan \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0censor, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0sentencia \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0vulner\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0debido \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0proceso \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0y \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0garant\u00eda \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0debida \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0las \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0partes \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0porque, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0contrav\u00eda \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0principio \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0congruencia, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0consider\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0delictiva \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0conducta \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0procesado cuando no tiene esa connotaci\u00f3n, dado que la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0denunciante \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0entreg\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0voluntariamente \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0veh\u00edculo \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0para \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0hacer \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0parte \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de una sociedad y, adem\u00e1s, no se prob\u00f3 que fuera la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0propietaria \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0mismo. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Pues \u00a0bien, \u00a0la \u00a0Sala \u00a0encuentra \u00a0que \u00a0el \u00a0cargo \u00a0mezcla \u00a0cr\u00edticas \u00a0de \u00a0diversa \u00a0\u00edndole \u00a0sin \u00a0evidenciar \u00a0la \u00a0afectaci\u00f3n \u00a0del \u00a0debido \u00a0<\/p>\n
proceso \u00a0por \u00a0violaci\u00f3n \u00a0sustancial \u00a0de \u00a0su \u00a0estructura \u00a0o \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0garant\u00eda \u00a0debida \u00a0a \u00a0cualquiera \u00a0de \u00a0las \u00a0partes \u00a0o \u00a0el \u00a0derecho \u00a0de \u00a0defensa. \u00a0As\u00ed, en el mismo cargo menciona el menoscabo del \u00a0principio \u00a0de \u00a0congruencia, \u00a0la \u00a0equivocada \u00a0tipificaci\u00f3n \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0conducta \u00a0por \u00a0parte \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0Fiscal\u00eda, la pasividad \u00a0defensiva \u00a0en \u00a0detrimento \u00a0de \u00a0los \u00a0intereses \u00a0del \u00a0procesado, \u00a0la \u00a0errada \u00a0valoraci\u00f3n \u00a0probatoria, \u00a0entre \u00a0otros \u00a0defectos, \u00a0sin \u00a0demostrar \u00a0ninguno \u00a0de \u00a0ellos. \u00a0<\/p>\n
No \u00a0acredita, \u00a0por \u00a0tanto, \u00a0la \u00a0existencia \u00a0de \u00a0las \u00a0irregularidades \u00a0enunciadas \u00a0ni \u00a0se\u00f1ala \u00a0de \u00a0qu\u00e9 \u00a0manera \u00a0se \u00a0afectaron \u00a0los derechos sustanciales del sentenciado y, menos \u00a0a\u00fan, \u00a0confronta \u00a0los \u00a0actos \u00a0presuntamente \u00a0an\u00f3malos \u00a0con \u00a0los \u00a0principios \u00a0de \u00a0convalidaci\u00f3n, \u00a0trascendencia, \u00a0residualidad \u00a0y \u00a0taxatividad, \u00a0entre \u00a0otros, \u00a0que \u00a0rigen \u00a0las \u00a0nulidades, \u00a0situaci\u00f3n \u00a0que \u00a0impone \u00a0la \u00a0inadmisi\u00f3n \u00a0del \u00a0cargo. \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
1. Al \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0margen \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0lo \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0anterior, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0las \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0falencias \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0denunciadas \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0no \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0se \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0configuran \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0medida \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0que \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0audiencia \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0imputaci\u00f3n, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0y luego en la acusaci\u00f3n, la Fiscal\u00eda comunic\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0MOIS\u00c9S \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BALLESTEROS \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0MAR\u00cdN \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0que \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0le \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0atribu\u00eda \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0responsabilidad \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0por el delito de estafa agravada por haber \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0desplegado \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0artificos y enga\u00f1os para obtener que la se\u00f1ora \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Nelly \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Franco Trivi\u00f1o le entregara un automotor avaluado en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a019 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0millones de pesos, para lo cual aparent\u00f3 la existencia de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0una \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0empresa exportadora de productos, sin que esto fuera \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0verdad. \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Las \u00a0mismas \u00a0premisas \u00a0f\u00e1cticas \u00a0y \u00a0jur\u00eddicas \u00a0fueron \u00a0consignadas \u00a0en \u00a0el \u00a0fallo \u00a0de \u00a0condena, \u00a0por \u00a0manera \u00a0que \u00a0no \u00a0se \u00a0<\/p>\n
vulner\u00f3 \u00a0el principio de congruencia del art\u00edculo 448 de la Ley \u00a0906 \u00a0 de \u00a0 \u00a02004, \u00a0 \u00a0acorde \u00a0 con \u00a0 el \u00a0 \u00a0cual, \u00a0 el \u00a0 \u00a0\u00abacusado \u00a0 \u00a0no \u00a0 \u00a0podr\u00e1 \u00a0 \u00a0ser \u00a0declarado \u00a0culpable \u00a0por \u00a0hechos \u00a0que \u00a0no \u00a0consten \u00a0en \u00a0la \u00a0acusaci\u00f3n, \u00a0ni \u00a0por \u00a0delitos \u00a0por \u00a0los \u00a0cuales \u00a0no \u00a0se \u00a0haya \u00a0solicitado \u00a0condena\u00bb, \u00a0mandato \u00a0que \u00a0surge \u00a0 de \u00a0la \u00a0interpretaci\u00f3n \u00a0de \u00a0los art\u00edculos 29, \u00a031 y \u00a0250 de la Carta Pol\u00edtica, 8 de la Convenci\u00f3n Americana \u00a0sobre \u00a0Derechos \u00a0Humanos \u00a0y \u00a014 \u00a0del \u00a0Pacto \u00a0Internacional \u00a0de \u00a0Derechos \u00a0Civiles \u00a0y \u00a0Pol\u00edticos. \u00a0<\/p>\n
En \u00a0consecuencia, \u00a0desde \u00a0el \u00a0inicio \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0actuaci\u00f3n \u00a0judicial, \u00a0BALLESTEROS MAR\u00cdN conoci\u00f3 los hechos y delitos \u00a0juzgados \u00a0y \u00a0tuvo \u00a0la \u00a0oportunidad \u00a0de \u00a0defenderse \u00a0frente \u00a0a \u00a0ellos \u00a0y no \u00a0fue sorprendido con imputaciones frente a las que no \u00a0ejerci\u00f3 \u00a0contradicci\u00f3n. \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
2. Frente \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0los \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0cuestionamientos \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0demandante \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0labor \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de los abogados que lo precedieron en la defensa, la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0jurisprudencia \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0tiene establecido que no por disentir de la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0estrategia \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0defensiva \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0utilizada \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0por \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0quien \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0asumi\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0encargo \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0curso \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0proceso, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0o \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0haber \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0sido \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0adversos \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0los \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0resultados \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0juicio, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0puede afirmarse que se ha violado el derecho a una \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0asistencia \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0calificada, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0pues \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ejercicio \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0actividad \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0defensiva \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0es \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0medio, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0no \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0resultado, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0y \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0porque \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0defensor, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0tarea \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0hacer \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0efectiva \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0esta \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0asistencia, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0goza \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0autonom\u00eda \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0y libertad en la selecci\u00f3n de la t\u00e1ctica a adoptar, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0entre \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0las \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0m\u00faltiples \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0alternativas \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0posibles \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ser \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0planteadas \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0curso \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0un \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0juicio \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(CSJ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0AP \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a07\/3\/12, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0rad. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a037247). \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Adem\u00e1s, la \u00a0ley no impone al abogado derroteros a seguir \u00a0en \u00a0el \u00a0desarrollo \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0gesti\u00f3n \u00a0encomendada, \u00a0ni \u00a0fija \u00a0direccionamientos \u00a0de \u00a0ninguna \u00a0\u00edndole \u00a0y \u00a0no \u00a0existen \u00a0reglas \u00a0preestablecidas \u00a0por la ciencia del derecho que indiquen que \u00a0frente \u00a0a una determinada situaci\u00f3n deba actuarse de una \u00a0espec\u00edfica \u00a0manera, \u00a0o \u00a0plantearse \u00a0unas \u00a0concretas \u00a0tesis \u00a0defensivas. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Siendo ello as\u00ed, \u00a0no hay lugar a la admisi\u00f3n del reproche \u00a0por \u00a0 cuanto la litigante que precedi\u00f3 al demandante elabor\u00f3 \u00a0una \u00a0estrategia \u00a0defensiva \u00a0y \u00a0formul\u00f3 \u00a0una \u00a0teor\u00eda \u00a0del \u00a0caso \u00a0que \u00a0present\u00f3 \u00a0en el juicio oral, s\u00f3lo que ante la fortaleza probatoria \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0acusaci\u00f3n \u00a0no \u00a0tuvo \u00a0acogida \u00a0entre \u00a0los \u00a0juzgadores \u00a0de \u00a0instancia. \u00a0El \u00a0procesado, \u00a0en \u00a0otras \u00a0palabras, \u00a0no \u00a0careci\u00f3 \u00a0de \u00a0defensa \u00a0t\u00e9cnica \u00a0porque \u00a0sus \u00a0abogados \u00a0fueron \u00a0proactivos \u00a0y \u00a0asistieron \u00a0a \u00a0todas \u00a0las \u00a0diligencias \u00a0e \u00a0intervinieron \u00a0en \u00a0ellas. \u00a0<\/p>\n
En \u00a0ese \u00a0contexto, \u00a0las \u00a0cr\u00edticas \u00a0del \u00a0censor \u00a0son \u00a0insuficientes \u00a0para \u00a0demostrar la ineptitud de la gesti\u00f3n de los abogados que \u00a0actuaron \u00a0antes \u00a0que \u00a0\u00e9l \u00a0y, \u00a0mucho \u00a0menos, \u00a0para \u00a0probar \u00a0la \u00a0afectaci\u00f3n \u00a0del derecho fundamental de defensa, en tanto no \u00a0demostr\u00f3, \u00a0como \u00a0deb\u00eda \u00a0hacerlo, \u00a0que \u00a0exist\u00edan \u00a0posibilidades \u00a0reales \u00a0de \u00a0lograr \u00a0un \u00a0resultado \u00a0distinto \u00a0al \u00a0obtenido \u00a0y \u00a0favorable \u00a0al \u00a0procesado, \u00a0de \u00a0haberse \u00a0contado \u00a0con \u00a0una \u00a0defensa \u00a0diferente. \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
3. Para \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0demandante, \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0sentencia \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0contiene \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0una \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0errada \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0apreciaci\u00f3n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0probatoria \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0que \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0le \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0llev\u00f3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0colegir \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0equivocadamente \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la tipicidad de la conducta desplegada por \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0MOIS\u00c9S \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BALLESTEROS \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0MAR\u00cdN. \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
El \u00a0manifiesto \u00a0desconocimiento \u00a0de \u00a0las \u00a0reglas \u00a0de \u00a0producci\u00f3n \u00a0y \u00a0apreciaci\u00f3n \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0prueba \u00a0aducido \u00a0por \u00a0el \u00a0defensor \u00a0constituye \u00a0la \u00a0forma \u00a0mediata \u00a0de \u00a0violar \u00a0la \u00a0ley \u00a0sustancial \u00a0a \u00a0trav\u00e9s \u00a0de \u00a0errores \u00a0de \u00a0hecho \u00a0o \u00a0de \u00a0derecho. \u00a0Los \u00a0primeros \u00a0se \u00a0originan \u00a0en \u00a0falsos \u00a0juicios \u00a0de \u00a0existencia, \u00a0falsos \u00a0juicios \u00a0de identidad y falsos raciocinios; los segundos, por su \u00a0parte, \u00a0en \u00a0falsos \u00a0juicios \u00a0de \u00a0legalidad \u00a0y \u00a0de \u00a0convicci\u00f3n. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Siendo ello as\u00ed, \u00a0este cuestionamiento tampoco satisface \u00a0los \u00a0presupuestos \u00a0de \u00a0claridad, \u00a0precisi\u00f3n \u00a0y \u00a0coherencia \u00a0exigidos \u00a0por \u00a0la ley para el recurso de casaci\u00f3n, pues el litigante no \u00a0se\u00f1ala \u00a0la especie de error cometido por el fallador porque se \u00a0limita \u00a0a \u00a0referir \u00a0\u201cla \u00a0errada \u00a0apreciaci\u00f3n \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0prueba\u201d, \u00a0sin \u00a0indicar \u00a0el yerro a trav\u00e9s del que se vulner\u00f3 la ley o enunciar \u00a0el \u00a0contenido \u00a0completo \u00a0de \u00a0cada \u00a0uno \u00a0de \u00a0los \u00a0medios \u00a0probatorios \u00a0que \u00a0considera \u00a0mal \u00a0evaluados. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Esa falencia \u00a0argumentativa evidencia que el reproche \u00a0se \u00a0orientan a cuestionar el trabajo de ponderaci\u00f3n probatoria \u00a0de \u00a0las instancias sin incluir un reparo de orden casacional \u00a0que \u00a0amerite resquebrajar la doble presunci\u00f3n de acierto y \u00a0legalidad \u00a0que cobija a la sentencia \u00a0ni \u00a0evidenciar el yerro \u00a0atribuido, \u00a0situaci\u00f3n \u00a0que \u00a0impone \u00a0la \u00a0inadmisi\u00f3n \u00a0del \u00a0cargo, \u00a0m\u00e1xime \u00a0cuando la Sala no advierte la concurrencia de las \u00a0falencias \u00a0atribuidas \u00a0a \u00a0la \u00a0sentencia \u00a0demandada. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Lo \u00a0anterior, \u00a0adem\u00e1s, \u00a0porque \u00a0las \u00a0instancias \u00a0encontraron \u00a0demostrado \u00a0con \u00a0las \u00a0pruebas \u00a0acopiadas \u00a0en \u00a0el \u00a0juicio \u00a0que \u00a0MOIS\u00c9S \u00a0BALLESTEROS MAR\u00cdN indujo en error a la v\u00edctima \u00a0al \u00a0hacerla \u00a0creer \u00a0que \u00a0exist\u00eda \u00a0una \u00a0empresa \u00a0exportadora, \u00a0que \u00a0<\/p>\n
en \u00a0realidad \u00a0nunca \u00a0oper\u00f3, \u00a0para \u00a0a \u00a0trav\u00e9s \u00a0 de \u00a0ese \u00a0artificio \u00a0obtener \u00a0la entrega del veh\u00edculo que \u00a0posteriormente \u00a0 enajen\u00f3 \u00a0en \u00a0provecho \u00a0propio. \u00a0<\/p>\n
En \u00a0ese \u00a0orden, \u00a0la \u00a0entrega \u00a0voluntaria \u00a0del \u00a0rodante \u00a0aducida \u00a0por \u00a0el demandante, no elimina la connotaci\u00f3n delictiva de la \u00a0conducta, \u00a0porque \u00a0lo \u00a0que \u00a0se \u00a0cuestiona \u00a0es \u00a0que \u00a0se \u00a0enga\u00f1ara \u00a0a \u00a0la \u00a0afectada \u00a0para \u00a0que \u00a0se \u00a0desprendiera \u00a0de \u00a0su \u00a0bien, \u00a0bajo la \u00a0promesa \u00a0de \u00a0asociarse \u00a0en \u00a0una \u00a0empresa \u00a0que \u00a0nunca \u00a0existi\u00f3. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Es cierto que el \u00a0ordenamiento jur\u00eddico nacional permite \u00a0la \u00a0existencia \u00a0de \u00a0sociedades \u00a0de \u00a0hecho \u00a0-arts. \u00a0498, \u00a0501, \u00a0entre \u00a0otros \u00a0del c\u00f3digo de Comercio-. Sin embargo, de acuerdo a lo \u00a0colegido \u00a0por \u00a0las \u00a0instancias, \u00a0se \u00a0evidenci\u00f3 \u00a0que \u00a0la \u00a0firma \u00a0DRIMEXP \u00a0no existi\u00f3, ni siquiera en la modalidad de sociedad \u00a0de \u00a0hecho. \u00a0<\/p>\n
3. No \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0hay lugar, en fin, a la admisi\u00f3n de la demanda. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Tampoco \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0procede superar los defectos para hacer uso de la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0facultad \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0oficiosa \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0contemplada \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0en \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0el \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0inciso \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a03\u00ba \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0del \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0art\u00edculo \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0184 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la Ley 906 de 2004 porque no se advierte afectaci\u00f3n del \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0derecho \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0material, de las garant\u00edas de los intervinientes o la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0necesidad \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0de \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0unificar \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0la \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0jurisprudencia. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Cabe advertir que \u00a0contra la presente decisi\u00f3n procede \u00a0el \u00a0mecanismo \u00a0de \u00a0insistencia, \u00a0de \u00a0conformidad \u00a0con \u00a0lo \u00a0establecido \u00a0en la norma acabada de mencionar y con las \u00a0reglas \u00a0definidas \u00a0por \u00a0la \u00a0Sala \u00a0de \u00a0manera \u00a0pac\u00edfica \u00a0en \u00a0pronunciamientos \u00a0anteriores. \u00a0<\/p>\n
En \u00a0m\u00e9rito \u00a0de \u00a0lo \u00a0expuesto, \u00a0la \u00a0CORTE \u00a0SUPREMA \u00a0DE \u00a0JUSTICIA, \u00a0SALA \u00a0DE \u00a0CASACI\u00d3N \u00a0PENAL, \u00a0<\/p>\n
RESUELVE: \u00a0<\/p>\n
INADMITIR \u00a0la \u00a0demanda \u00a0de \u00a0casaci\u00f3n \u00a0interpuesta \u00a0por \u00a0la \u00a0defensa \u00a0de \u00a0MOIS\u00c9S \u00a0BALLESTEROS \u00a0MAR\u00cdN. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Contra esta \u00a0determinaci\u00f3n procede el mecanismo de \u00a0insistencia, \u00a0en los t\u00e9rminos definidos pac\u00edficamente por la \u00a0jurisprudencia \u00a0de \u00a0la \u00a0Sala. \u00a0<\/p>\n
NOTIF\u00cdQUESE \u00a0Y \u00a0C\u00daMPLASE \u00a0<\/p>\n
GERSON \u00a0CHAVERRA CASTRO \u00a0<\/p>\n
JOS\u00c9 \u00a0FRANCISCO ACU\u00d1A VIZCAYA \u00a0<\/p>\n
DIEGO \u00a0EUGENIO CORREDOR BELTR\u00c1N \u00a0<\/p>\n
EUGENIO \u00a0FERN\u00c1NDEZ CARLIER \u00a0<\/p>\n
LUIS \u00a0ANTONIO HERN\u00c1NDEZ BARBOSA \u00a0<\/p>\n
FABIO \u00a0OSPITIA GARZ\u00d3N \u00a0<\/p>\n
EYDER \u00a0PATI\u00d1O CABRERA \u00a0<\/p>\n
HUGO \u00a0QUINTERO BERNATE \u00a0<\/p>\n
PATRICIA \u00a0SALAZAR CU\u00c9LLAR \u00a0<\/p>\n
NUBIA \u00a0YOLANDA \u00a0NOVA \u00a0GARC\u00cdA \u00a0<\/p>\n
Secretaria \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 LUIS \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0ANTONIO \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0HERN\u00c1NDEZ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BARBOSA \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Magistrado \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ponente \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 AP2251\u20132021 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Radicaci\u00f3n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0# \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-30","category-junio"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dmsjuridica.com\/buscador_20179478954\/salapenalcronologico20230723\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dmsjuridica.com\/buscador_20179478954\/salapenalcronologico20230723\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dmsjuridica.com\/buscador_20179478954\/salapenalcronologico20230723\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dmsjuridica.com\/buscador_20179478954\/salapenalcronologico20230723\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dmsjuridica.com\/buscador_20179478954\/salapenalcronologico20230723\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56913"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dmsjuridica.com\/buscador_20179478954\/salapenalcronologico20230723\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56913\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dmsjuridica.com\/buscador_20179478954\/salapenalcronologico20230723\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dmsjuridica.com\/buscador_20179478954\/salapenalcronologico20230723\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dmsjuridica.com\/buscador_20179478954\/salapenalcronologico20230723\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}